该技术报告介绍了我们在CVPR-2022 AcitivityNet Challenge中为时间动作检测任务的第一名获胜解决方案。该任务旨在通过长期未经修剪的视频中的特定类别定位动作实例的时间界。最近的主流尝试基于密集的边界匹配，并列举所有可能的组合以产生建议。我们认为，生成的提案包含丰富的上下文信息，这可能会受益于检测信心预测。为此，我们的方法主要包括以下三个步骤：1）慢速，CSN，TimesFormer，TSP，i3d-Flow，i3d-flow，vggish-audio，tpn和vivit的动作分类和特征提取； 2）提案生成。我们提出的上下文感知建议网络（CPN）建立在BMN，GTAD和PRN之上，以通过随机掩盖某些建议功能来汇总上下文信息。 3）动作检测。最终检测预测是通过分配具有相应视频级分类结果的建议来计算的。最后，我们在不同的功能组合设置下将结果整合在一起，并在测试集中实现45.8％的性能，从而将CVPR-2021 ActivityNet挑战的冠军结果提高了1.1％。

最近，许多方法通过基于伪标签的对比学习来解决无监督的域自适应人员重新识别（UDA RE-ID）问题。在培训期间，通过简单地平均来自具有相同伪标签的集群的所有实例特征来获得UNI-Firedroid表示。然而，由于群集结果不完美的聚类结果，群集可能包含具有不同标识（标签噪声）的图像，这使得UNI质心表示不适当。在本文中，我们介绍了一种新的多质心存储器（MCM），以在群集中自适应地捕获不同的身份信息。 MCM可以通过为查询图像选择适当的正/负质心来有效地减轻标签噪声问题。此外，我们进一步提出了两种策略来改善对比学习过程。首先，我们介绍了一个域特定的对比度学习（DSCL）机制，通过仅通过相同域进行比较样本来完全探索局部信息。其次，我们提出了二阶最近的插值（Soni）以获得丰富和信息性的负样本。我们将MCM，DSCL和Soni集成到一个名为Multi-Firedroid表示网络（MCRN）的统一框架中。广泛的实验证明了MCRN在多个UDA重新ID任务上的最先进方法和完全无监督的重新ID任务的优越性。

基于深度学习的低光图像增强方法通常需要巨大的配对训练数据，这对于在现实世界的场景中捕获是不切实际的。最近，已经探索了无监督的方法来消除对成对训练数据的依赖。然而，由于没有前衣，它们在不同的现实情景中表现得不稳定。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种基于先前（HEP）的有效预期直方图均衡的无监督的低光图像增强方法。我们的作品受到了有趣的观察，即直方图均衡增强图像的特征图和地面真理是相似的。具体而言，我们制定了HEP，提供了丰富的纹理和亮度信息。嵌入一​​个亮度模块（LUM），它有助于将低光图像分解为照明和反射率图，并且反射率图可以被视为恢复的图像。然而，基于Retinex理论的推导揭示了反射率图被噪声污染。我们介绍了一个噪声解剖学模块（NDM），以解除反射率图中的噪声和内容，具有不配对清洁图像的可靠帮助。通过直方图均衡的先前和噪声解剖，我们的方法可以恢复更精细的细节，更有能力抑制现实世界低光场景中的噪声。广泛的实验表明，我们的方法对最先进的无监督的低光增强算法有利地表现出甚至与最先进的监督算法匹配。

Weakly-supervised object localization aims to indicate the category as well as the scope of an object in an image given only the image-level labels. Most of the existing works are based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and endeavor to enlarge the discriminative area inside the activation map to perceive the whole object, yet ignore the co-occurrence confounder of the object and context (e.g., fish and water), which makes the model inspection hard to distinguish object boundaries. Besides, the use of CAM also brings a dilemma problem that the classification and localization always suffer from a performance gap and can not reach their highest accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a casual knowledge distillation method, dubbed KD-CI-CAM, to address these two under-explored issues in one go. More specifically, we tackle the co-occurrence context confounder problem via causal intervention (CI), which explores the causalities among image features, contexts, and categories to eliminate the biased object-context entanglement in the class activation maps. Based on the de-biased object feature, we additionally propose a multi-teacher causal distillation framework to balance the absorption of classification knowledge and localization knowledge during model training. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of KD-CI-CAM in learning clear object boundaries from confounding contexts and addressing the dilemma problem between classification and localization performance.

Inferring missing links or detecting spurious ones based on observed graphs, known as link prediction, is a long-standing challenge in graph data analysis. With the recent advances in deep learning, graph neural networks have been used for link prediction and have achieved state-of-the-art performance. Nevertheless, existing methods developed for this purpose are typically discriminative, computing features of local subgraphs around two neighboring nodes and predicting potential links between them from the perspective of subgraph classification. In this formalism, the selection of enclosing subgraphs and heuristic structural features for subgraph classification significantly affects the performance of the methods. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel and radically different link prediction algorithm based on the network reconstruction theory, called GraphLP. Instead of sampling positive and negative links and heuristically computing the features of their enclosing subgraphs, GraphLP utilizes the feature learning ability of deep-learning models to automatically extract the structural patterns of graphs for link prediction under the assumption that real-world graphs are not locally isolated. Moreover, GraphLP explores high-order connectivity patterns to utilize the hierarchical organizational structures of graphs for link prediction. Our experimental results on all common benchmark datasets from different applications demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Unlike the discriminative neural network models used for link prediction, GraphLP is generative, which provides a new paradigm for neural-network-based link prediction.

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is one of the core research areas in mobile and wearable computing. With the application of deep learning (DL) techniques such as CNN, recognizing periodic or static activities (e.g, walking, lying, cycling, etc.) has become a well studied problem. What remains a major challenge though is the sporadic activity recognition (SAR) problem, where activities of interest tend to be non periodic, and occur less frequently when compared with the often large amount of irrelevant background activities. Recent works suggested that sequential DL models (such as LSTMs) have great potential for modeling nonperiodic behaviours, and in this paper we studied some LSTM training strategies for SAR. Specifically, we proposed two simple yet effective LSTM variants, namely delay model and inverse model, for two SAR scenarios (with and without time critical requirement). For time critical SAR, the delay model can effectively exploit predefined delay intervals (within tolerance) in form of contextual information for improved performance. For regular SAR task, the second proposed, inverse model can learn patterns from the time series in an inverse manner, which can be complementary to the forward model (i.e.,LSTM), and combining both can boost the performance. These two LSTM variants are very practical, and they can be deemed as training strategies without alteration of the LSTM fundamentals. We also studied some additional LSTM training strategies, which can further improve the accuracy. We evaluated our models on two SAR and one non-SAR datasets, and the promising results demonstrated the effectiveness of our approaches in HAR applications.

Occupancy information is useful for efficient energy management in the building sector. The massive high-resolution electrical power consumption data collected by smart meters in the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) network make it possible to infer buildings' occupancy status in a non-intrusive way. In this paper, we propose a deep leaning model called ABODE-Net which employs a novel Parallel Attention (PA) block for building occupancy detection using smart meter data. The PA block combines the temporal, variable, and channel attention modules in a parallel way to signify important features for occupancy detection. We adopt two smart meter datasets widely used for building occupancy detection in our performance evaluation. A set of state-of-the-art shallow machine learning and deep learning models are included for performance comparison. The results show that ABODE-Net significantly outperforms other models in all experimental cases, which proves its validity as a solution for non-intrusive building occupancy detection.

Despite recent progress towards scaling up multimodal vision-language models, these models are still known to struggle on compositional generalization benchmarks such as Winoground. We find that a critical component lacking from current vision-language models is relation-level alignment: the ability to match directional semantic relations in text (e.g., "mug in grass") with spatial relationships in the image (e.g., the position of the mug relative to the grass). To tackle this problem, we show that relation alignment can be enforced by encouraging the directed language attention from 'mug' to 'grass' (capturing the semantic relation 'in') to match the directed visual attention from the mug to the grass. Tokens and their corresponding objects are softly identified using the cross-modal attention. We prove that this notion of soft relation alignment is equivalent to enforcing congruence between vision and language attention matrices under a 'change of basis' provided by the cross-modal attention matrix. Intuitively, our approach projects visual attention into the language attention space to calculate its divergence from the actual language attention, and vice versa. We apply our Cross-modal Attention Congruence Regularization (CACR) loss to UNITER and improve on the state-of-the-art approach to Winoground.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Human modeling and relighting are two fundamental problems in computer vision and graphics, where high-quality datasets can largely facilitate related research. However, most existing human datasets only provide multi-view human images captured under the same illumination. Although valuable for modeling tasks, they are not readily used in relighting problems. To promote research in both fields, in this paper, we present UltraStage, a new 3D human dataset that contains more than 2K high-quality human assets captured under both multi-view and multi-illumination settings. Specifically, for each example, we provide 32 surrounding views illuminated with one white light and two gradient illuminations. In addition to regular multi-view images, gradient illuminations help recover detailed surface normal and spatially-varying material maps, enabling various relighting applications. Inspired by recent advances in neural representation, we further interpret each example into a neural human asset which allows novel view synthesis under arbitrary lighting conditions. We show our neural human assets can achieve extremely high capture performance and are capable of representing fine details such as facial wrinkles and cloth folds. We also validate UltraStage in single image relighting tasks, training neural networks with virtual relighted data from neural assets and demonstrating realistic rendering improvements over prior arts. UltraStage will be publicly available to the community to stimulate significant future developments in various human modeling and rendering tasks.